Objective To review new progress of related research of bone tissue engineering in recent years. Methods Domestic and international l iterature concerning bone tissue engineering was reviewed and analyzed. Results In the recent years, great progression had been made in the research and development of bone tissue engineering, it had been used in more and more hospitals, and relevant national regulations and protocols had been set up. As to seed cells of bone tissue engineering, autologous and allogeneic stem cells had been widely used, while recently embryonic stem cells and induced pluri potent stem cells had attracted most attentions. In the field of scaffolds materials, significant improvementshad been made, from natural extractions to artificial polymers; from single construction to multiple compounds with surface modifications. As to the methods of construction, the static seeding approach had been widely accepted, and the appl ications of bioreactor had provided a stable and various micro-enviroment for the vitro-culture of different stem cells, which had beenregarded as an alternative way of vitro-culture and construction for bone tissue engineering. Conclusion With the tremendous help of the techniques and approaches above, we shall expect a promising future of a new generation bone tissue engineering based medical products in the years to come.
ObjectiveTo review the research advance of differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) into Schwann cells in vitro in recent years. MethodsRelated literatures on differentiation of iPS into Schwann cells in vitro at present were consulted, the induction methods of iPS differentiating into Schwann cells in vitro were summarized, and the differentiated cells were identified and detected. ResultsThe research results indicate that iPS can differentiate into Schwann cells. So far, the iPS have to differentiate into neural crest cells or neural crest stem cells firstly, and then differentiate into Schwann cells. S100-β and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are recognized as the marker of Schwann cells. The evidence of generating Schwann cells was that the neural crest cells or neural crest stem cells were labelled by p75+, HNK1+, or nestin+ before differentiation, and by S100-β+ and GFAP+ after induction. ConclusionDespite the increasing reported studies of Schwann cells from iPS, there have been few successful induction methods, so this field of cytology needs further study.
RCBTB1 gene associated hereditary retinopathy is an extremely rare inherited retinal disease (IRD) discovered recently. The mutation of RCBTB1 gene can lead to a variety of IRD clinical phenotypes, such as early retinitis pigmentosa and delayed chorioretinal atrophy. The hereditary mode of RCBTB1 gene associated retinopathy is autosomal recessive. RCBTB1 gene plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial function and anti-oxidative stress defense mechanism of retinal pigment epithelium cells. In the future, it is necessary to further determine whether there is a genotypic and phenotypic correlation in the age of onset of RCBTB1 gene associated retinopathy or multi-organ involvement, and evaluate the safety and efficacy of Adeno-associated virus-mediated RCBTB1 gene replacement therapy in animal models, to explore the feasibility of gene replacement therapy and stem cell therapy.